California Car Idling Laws: Highways Only

Q: Which California law actually covers this?

Cal. Veh. Code 22515, “22515.”, in the California vehicle code. It is a theft provision rather than an environmental one, which is why a search for an idling law does not return it. The operative sentence is quoted on this page and links to the California Legislature page it was read from.

Q: Does it matter whether the car was locked in California?

Not to whether the section applies. Nothing in the California section makes the offence depend on whether the car was locked or the key taken out, which separates it from the 9 states where that is exactly what it depends on. What Cal. Veh. Code 22515 requires is set out in its own words above.

Q: Can you leave a car running in your own driveway in California?

The California chapter that carries this section applies to highways, and the sentence doing that is quoted on this page. A driveway is not what that sentence describes. What can still reach a car standing on private ground is a city ordinance, and those are set by the city rather than by the state.

Q: What does California charge for it?

California prints no penalty inside the section, which is the commoner pattern: a violation falls to the chapter's general penalty provision. 18 states of the 34 print one where a reader would find it. The states that do print one are collected on the national page with the wording each of them uses.

Q: How current is this?

Every line was read on September 23, 2026, off the state's own published code, and links back to the section it came from. Legislatures amend these between sessions and a repeal leaves the old text in circulation for years afterwards, so the link beside each quote is what governs on the day.

Prohibited

Leaving it running unattended

Cal. Veh. Code 22515

No

Whether the lock matters

9 states of the 34 are built on it

Highways

How far the chapter reaches

one of 20 confined to a road

more than 5 consecutive minutes at any location

Separate idling limit

13 CCR 2485

September 23, 2026

Read

off the state’s own code

The short answer

California prohibits it, and the chapter reaches highways only.

California prohibits it, but the chapter the section sits in applies to highways and not elsewhere. So the section and its reach are two separate readings: the prohibition is in one place and the sentence that confines it to highways is in another, and 20 states are built that way. Both are set out below in their own words.

A reader looking at the section alone would not see this. What confines it to a highway sits in the scope provision at the front of the chapter, reproduced below, and 20 states put it there.

HighwaysCal. Veh. Code 22515A separate idling limit at 13 CCR 2485

The section itself

Cal. Veh. Code 22515, and the sentence it turns on

This is a theft provision rather than an environmental one, which is why a search for a California idling law does not return it and why so much of what is written about it is written about a different statute. It sits in the vehicle code with the rules about stopping and standing, and it was put there to stop cars being driven away by somebody who did not own them.

The operative sentence is reproduced below rather than summarised, because everything that separates one state from the next in this reading sits inside it. The card carries the citation, the title the code gives the section, and the link the sentence was read from.

Cal. Veh. Code 22515

Highways

22515.

(a) No person driving, or in control of, or in charge of, a motor vehicle shall permit it to stand on any highway unattended without first effectively setting the brakes thereon and stopping the motor thereof.

The sentence that decides where it reaches

The provisions of this division refer exclusively to the operation of vehicles upon the highways, unless a different place is specifically referred to.

What it turns on Prohibited, but the chapter reaches highways only

Vehicle Code 22515, California Legislative Information, California Legislature, read September 23, 2026

Where the duty stops

The California chapter reaches highways and stops there

A reader looking at the section alone would not see this. What confines it to a highway sits in the scope provision at the front of the chapter, reproduced below, and 20 states put it there.

This is the reading a driveway question comes down to, and it is two documents rather than one: the section that prohibits the thing and, at the front of the chapter, the sentence that says what the chapter applies to. Both are reproduced here. A city ordinance can still reach private ground, and that is a municipal question rather than a state one.

A two storey house behind a long concrete driveway with two cars parked up by the garage doors, a public footway crossing the foreground, and a thin dusting of snow over everything — Twenty of these sections sit in a chapter that reaches only a highway or a public way. The line those chapters turn on runs across the bottom of this frame, and it is nowhere in the section a reader would have found. “A dusting of snow on the front of a house and driveway along Aqueteong Lane, Ewing Township, Mercer County, New Jersey”, Famartin, CC BY-SA 4.0

The other law entirely

California also runs an emissions idling limit

California does run an emissions idling limit, one of 16 states that do. It is more than 5 consecutive minutes at any location for diesel-fueled commercial motor vehicles over 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating. It runs alongside the unattended vehicle section above and not instead of it: different chapter, different scope, different penalty.

The two are kept apart on this page for the same reason they are apart in the books. An unattended vehicle section sits in the vehicle code and exists to stop a car being taken. An idling limit is an air quality regulation, written by an environmental agency, aimed mostly at buses and at trucks above a weight, and enforced by somebody else. Only 16 states publish one at all, and 2 of those name the regulation without putting a figure where a reader can reach it.

more than 5 consecutive minutes at any location

Emissions regulation

What it covers diesel-fueled commercial motor vehicles over 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating
Citation 13 CCR 2485
Published by California Air Resources Board

No vehicle subject to this section shall idle for more than 5 consecutive minutes at any location.

California Air Resources Board, read September 23, 2026

A low angle view inside an inspection garage, a car raised on a lift with a sampling hose run into its tailpipe, and an inspector standing in silhouette against the window watching it — The other law on these pages. An idling limit is an air quality regulation, written by an environment department, measured in minutes of engine running, and it is what most searches about this return. “Car being checked at an auto emission inspection station in Norwood, Ohio (DOCUMERICA, NARA 557848)”, Lyntha Scott Eiler for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Domain

How California compares

The same question in the other forty nine

34 states prohibit leaving a car running unattended and 16 have no section for it. Of the 34, 9 turn on whether the car was left unsecured, 20 sit in a chapter that reaches a road and nothing else, and 5 apply wherever the car is standing.

The bar splits the fifty by what their section does, and the table beneath it puts the strictest reading first, which is not the order a reader would guess from a map of how cold it gets.

5Always

9If unlocked

17Highways

3Public ways

16No section

Fifty state vehicle codes read September 23, 2026, strictest reading first.
State	What the section does	Citation	Turns on the lock	Separate idling limit
Kentucky	AlwaysProhibited wherever the car is standing	KRS 189.430	No	No
Louisiana	AlwaysProhibited wherever the car is standing	La. R.S. 32:145	No	No
Nevada	AlwaysProhibited wherever the car is standing	NRS 484B.530	No	No
Utah	AlwaysProhibited wherever the car is standing	Utah Code 41-6a-1403	No	No
Vermont	AlwaysProhibited wherever the car is standing	23 V.S.A. § 1111	No	Yes
Colorado	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	C.R.S. 42-4-1206	Yes	No
Florida	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	Fla. Stat. § 316.1975	Yes	No
Idaho	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	Idaho Code 49-602	Yes	No
Illinois	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	625 ILCS 5/11-1401	Yes	Yes
Kansas	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	K.S.A. 8-1573	Yes	No
Maryland	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	Md. Code Ann., Transp. 21-1101	Yes	Yes
New Hampshire	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	RSA 265:72	Yes	Yes
Ohio	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	Ohio Rev. Code 4511.661	Yes	No
Texas	If unlockedOnly where the car was left unlocked or the key left in it	Tex. Transp. Code Sec. 545.404	Yes	Yes
Alabama	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	Ala. Code Section 32-5A-50	No	No
Alaska	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	13 AAC 02.480	No	No
California	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	Cal. Veh. Code 22515	No	Yes
Delaware	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	21 Del. C. § 4182	No	Yes
Hawaii	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	HRS 291C-121	No	No
Michigan	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	Mich. Comp. Laws 257.676	No	No
Mississippi	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	Miss. Code Ann. 63-3-909	No	No
Nebraska	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,168	No	No
New Jersey	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	N.J.S.A. 39:4-137	No	Yes
New Mexico	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	NMSA 1978, Section 66-7-353	No	No
New York	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	N.Y. Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1210	No	Yes
Oklahoma	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	47 O.S. 11-1101	No	No
Oregon	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	ORS 811.585	No	Yes
Pennsylvania	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	75 Pa.C.S. § 3701	No	Yes
South Carolina	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	S.C. Code Ann. SECTION 56-5-2570	No	No
Tennessee	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	Tenn. Code Ann. 55-8-162	No	No
Washington	HighwaysProhibited, but the chapter reaches highways only	RCW 46.61.600	No	No
Massachusetts	Public waysProhibited, but the statute reaches a public way only	M.G.L. c. 90, § 13	No	Yes
North Carolina	Public waysProhibited, but the statute reaches a public way only	N.C.G.S. § 20-163	No	No
Rhode Island	Public waysProhibited, but the statute reaches a public way only	R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-22-1	No	Yes
Arizona	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Arkansas	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Connecticut	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	Yes
Georgia	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Indiana	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Iowa	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	Iowa Code 321.362	No	No
Maine	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	Yes
Minnesota	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Missouri	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Montana	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	Mont. Code Ann. 61-8-357	No	No
North Dakota	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
South Dakota	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	SDCL 32-30-5	No	No
Virginia	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	Yes
West Virginia	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Wisconsin	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	No section	No	No
Wyoming	No sectionNo unattended vehicle section in the code	W.S. 31-5-509	No	No

California car idling questions

Is it illegal to leave your car running unattended in California?

California prohibits it, but the chapter the section sits in applies to highways and not elsewhere. So the section and its reach are two separate readings: the prohibition is in one place and the sentence that confines it to highways is in another, and 20 states are built that way. Both are set out below in their own words. A reader looking at the section alone would not see this. What confines it to a highway sits in the scope provision at the front of the chapter, reproduced below, and 20 states put it there.

Which California law actually covers this?

Does it matter whether the car was locked in California?

Can you leave a car running in your own driveway in California?

What does California charge for it?

Does California have an idling limit?

How current is this?

Car idling laws in every state

California studded tire lawThe other winter driving rule a state writes and a city can change, with the dates each one sets.California sidewalk snow rulesHow long a city gives before the walk has to be clear, quoted from the ordinance that sets it.California frozen pipesWhat the same cold morning is doing to the building the car is parked beside.California first snowWhen the mornings that raise this question usually start, measured against the years behind it.

California read September 23, 2026, off the state’s own published code: Cal. Veh. Code 22515 and the chapter it sits in, and 13 CCR 2485 for the separate idling limit. Every quotation above is reproduced in the source’s own wording and links back to the document it was read from. Legislatures amend these between sessions and a repealed section stays in circulation for years afterwards, so the link beside a quote is what governs on the day. What California wrote is what this page carries: the offence, the clause it turns on, how far the chapter reaches, what the legislature exempted, and the sentence it set.